Hillsborough trial: 'Extraordinarily bad failings' by match commander David Duckenfield caused fatal crush, court hears
David Duckenfield denies manslaughter of 95 victims
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“Extraordinarily bad failings” by David Duckenfield led to the deaths of 95 Liverpool fans at Hillsborough stadium, a court has heard.
A prosecutor said the match commander, a former South Yorkshire Police chief superintendent, had “criminal responsibility” for the deaths of men, women and children who were crushed in the disaster.
Mr Duckenfield, now 74, sat metres away from victims’ relatives as all 95 names were read out at Preston Crown Court on Tuesday.
He denies manslaughter, while Sheffield Wednesday’s former safety officer Graham Mackrell pleads not guilty to two health and safety offences related to the stadium.
Richard Matthews QC, for the prosecution, told jurors that “many individual failures” played a part in the “appalling” events that unfolded on 15 April 1989.
“Undoubtedly, each of the deceased has been failed by many, in many ways and over a protracted period; before, during and even after this disaster,” he added.
“But is the prosecution’s case that Mr Duckenfield’s failures to discharge his personal responsibility were extraordinarily bad and contributed substantially to the deaths of each of those 96 people who so tragically and unnecessarily lost their lives.”
Ninety-four of the 96 victims died on the day of the disaster, while Lee Nicol passed away as a result of his injuries two days later.
There can be no prosecution over the death of the 96th victim, Tony Bland, as he died more than a year and a day after his injuries were caused.
Opening the prosecution’s case, Mr Matthews said that the match itself was not extraordinary, and mirrored the 1988 FA cup semi-final that was played between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest at Hillsborough.
He told the jury that in addition to failures in planning, organisation and management of the arrival, entry and accommodation of 50,000 football fans, there were also “many collective and individual failures to intervene effectively once the disaster unfolded”.
Mr Matthews said Mr Duckenfield did not declare the situation a “major incident” in good time, to put in place emergency measures to release those trapped and to provide adequate emergency medical attention and resuscitation.
“In the minutes before and after 3pm, 96 people received fatal injuries as a result of crushing in the central pens of the west terrace of the Leppings Lane end of the Hillsborough stadium,” he added, saying the youngest victim was just ten years old and many were teenagers.
“Each of those who died did so as a result of participation in the wholly innocent activity of attending a football match as a spectator, as a consequence of the obvious and serious risk to life posed by crushing from poor management of the expected capacity crowd … and as a result of the extraordinarily bad failures by David Duckenfield.”
The jury was shown images of the areas of Hillsborough stadium, which was the third-largest football ground in the UK at the time, where around 24,000 Liverpool fans attended the match.
Mr Matthews said that as thousands of spectators arrived, there were fears of injuries at turnstiles outside the stadium and a large exit gate known as Gate C was opened “following requests for Mr Duckenfield to do something to alleviate the crush”.
He told the jury that a large crowd was “naturally drawn” through a tunnel directly in front of the turnstiles, down a slope and into fenced pens where there were “no means to escape”.
Mr Duckenfield “gave no thought to the inevitable consequence of the flood of people through Gate C,” the prosecutor added. “He made no attempt to even monitor what was occurring, let alone take a step to avert the tragedy.”
Mr Mackrell, Sheffield Wednesday’s former safety officer, is accused of violating a government-issued safety guide and the terms of the stadium’s safety certificate regarding entry arrangements.
“It is the prosecution’s case that Mr Mackrell effectively shrugged off all responsibility for these important aspects of the role he had taken on as safety officer,” Mr Matthews added, detailing a lack of signage for alternative routes to standing terraces.
Mr Mackrell denies two health and safety offences.
Judge Openshaw said the Hillsborough disaster has received a “huge amount of publicity” for the past 30 years.
“What any of you have heard or read or seen in the past is entirely irrelevant to your task,” he told the jury.
“You decide what happened and whether these charges have been proved and you do so based on what you see and hear in the court, and nowhere else.”
The trial continues.
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The hearing has resumed and prosecutors are taking the jury through a map of Hillsborough stadium and the surrounding area, as it was on the day of the disaster in 1989.
Mr Matthews says Hillsborough was the third-largest football ground in the country at the time, with a claimed capacity of 54,324.
Jurors are being shown a 1979 stadium plan that fed into its safety certificate.
The jury is being played a video visualising the layout of Hillsborough stadium and its location in Sheffield.
Jurors are being shown contemporary images of the West Stand at Hillsborough stadium and the pens where the fatal crush happened, which are overlooked by a police control box
The jury is being shown a digital model of gates and fencing at the Leppings Lane end of Hillsborough stadium.
Mr Matthews says there were a number of perimiter gates that open into the area immediately in front of the turnstiles used by Liverpool fans on the day, and that fixed sections of fence restrict the flow into the area from Leppings Lane.
Turnstiles numbered 1-10 were used for the North Stand, 11 to 16 for the West Stand seating area, and A to G into the West and North-West Terrace. There are several exit gates shown around the turnstiles.
Mr Matthews says the match was an FA cup semi-final, so did not have "home" and "away" supporters like its normal use for Sheffield Wednesday league matches.
For those, the north stand, south stand and Spine Cop were all used for home supporters. Mr Matthews says turnstiles on Penistone Road North, rather than Leppings Lane, could also be used for north stand access. IN league match figures, the west stand and north-west terraces were reserved for away fans and accessed from Leppings Lane.
Mr Matthews says "there was nothing extraordinary about this particular 1989 semi-final match at Hillsborough" and the same fixture had been played between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest there the previous year, with the same ends allocated to the same sets of supporters.
The West Stand, West Terraces and North-West Terrace and North Stand were for Liverpool fans, he tells the jury, and all of them were accomodated through the Leppings Lane turnstiles. Nottingham Forest had the Spion Cop, the South Stand and some turnstiles on Penistrone Road were closed.
The jury is being shown images of tickets for the match, which show Mr Mackrell's signature alongside a message telling fans to arrive at least 15 minutes before kick-off.
Both West and North West Terrace tickets all said "Leppings Lane standing" and entrance B written on them. The row, seat and gangway fields were not marked.