What is split ticketing and how can it save me money on train tickets?

All your questions answered about legal exploiting idiosyncracies in the nation's rail fares

Fares fair? Technology can help travellers save money (Simon Calder)

Dividing a rail journey into separate segments can save a fortune on train tickets. As ticket-splitting becomes mainstream, will anyone ever pay full price ever again for rail travel?

What is split ticketing?

The practice of exploiting anomalies in Britain’s extremely complex rail fare structure to reduce the cost of train travel. On many journeys, buying two or more segments is cheaper than a through ticket.

From Shrewsbury to Liverpool, you must change trains in Chester. The obvious thing to do, you would imagine, is to buy a through Anytime fare is £31. But if you buy separate tickets for each leg– Shrewsbury-Chester and Chester-Liverpool – you save over £10, reducing the cost by one-third.

That is a simple example of ticket splitting at the connecting station. Yet the technique also works where the passenger stays on the same train.

For example, the Great Western line from London Paddington to Bristol Temple Meads has a walk-up Anytime fare for rush-hour trains of £118.40 (for a journey of just 100 minutes). But you can save over £43 by splitting tickets for the journey at Didcot Parkway.

In-the-know travellers have long known about this particular “Didcot dodge”, and about services such as TrainSplit.com. But increasingly passenger-friendly technology means that neither local knowledge nor complicated transactions are necessary.

Trainline automatically offers “SplitSave” tickets that exploit ticket-splitting opportunities – searching for the lowest combination of Advance, Off-peak and Anytime fares that will work for your journey. “Stay on the train, just switch tickets” is the mantra.

Is ticket-splitting legal?

Yes. The only requirement is that the train stops to set down and pick up passengers at the intermediate station.

On that London-Bristol route, the vast majority of Great Western Railway services stop in Didcot.

But between the English and Welsh capitals, most trains swoosh through the lovely Parkway station at 125mph. So if you have booked London-Didcot and Didcot-Cardiff you will be travelling without a valid ticket.

GWR says: “You could be issued with an Unpaid Fare Notice, a Penalty Fare Notice or be interviewed under caution.” It will be expensive and unpleasant, and many people who have tried to split the ticket have encountered problems when they haven’t scrupulously obeyed the rules.

You have mentioned Anytime fares. But I can plan ahead. Anything in it for me?

If you can be flexible and book an Advance ticket, that London-Bristol trip can cost just £21.50 one-way from GWR – no intermediary stops necessary.

But for more complicated journeys, Trainline (or a similar service, Loco2) can help cut costs. For a trip between Swansea and Aberdeen, the one-way fare is £276. This is the Trainline fare for some journeys, but the app can find cheaper deals on others. Booking the day before, the lowest fare when The Independent investigated was £95 – combining three separate tickets: one to Crewe, another to Edinburgh and a third to Perth.

This is not quite comparing like with like; these tickets are for specified trains, as opposed to the fully flexible Anytime ticket. But if you are comfortable to lose flexibility, the reward is substantial.

What do I need to do?

If you decide to go ahead with Trainline, the fee on this occasion is £1.99. If you object to such fees, there is nothing to stop you getting free advice and booking your travel independently.

Either way, you must collect the tickets, either on your smartphone where available, or on paper from a station machine.

What if I am travelling through the rush hour but out the other side?

You can save in terms of timing, because it is possible to split a journey which crosses the peak/off-peak time boundary to obtain the benefit of the off-peak portion. From Hitchin in Hertfordshire to Brighton, the 8.56am departure switches from peak to off-peak at London St Pancras – and splitting the journey saves a fiver on the £44.50 through ticket.

Why are fares so irrational?

When British Rail was broken up and rail privatisation began in 1995, the fares regime was stipulated by the 415-page Ticketing & Settlement Agreement (TSA). It is a document intended to protect the interests of travellers. The TSA insists that each of the 2,500 stations in Britain must have a fare to all of the others. In the course of setting those prices, anomalies are inevitable.

But it was written long before the budget airlines transformed our attitude to travel pricing – accepting the principle that the most in-demand services will be expensive, and that the more flexible you are, the more you can save. The TSA also pre-dated the smartphone and the many travel blessings it provides, including easy access to ticket-splitting apps.

Fare revenue for UK rail before the pandemic approaching £11bn a year. At least £2bn in ticket sales has probably gone forever. And as apps proliferate and expose the savings (or, if you prefer, reveal the rip-off through fares), earnings from tickets will be hit. Taxpayers, many of whom never go near a train, will not want to make up the growing deficit.

The present system relies on some travellers paying more than they need – by failing to take advantage of beneficial splits. Everyone knows it is fundamentally flawed, not fit for purpose and ripe for reform.

So why not overhaul it?

Successive governments have failed to reform the system. The former transport secretary, Grant Shapps, promised a comprehensive overhaul. But his successor, Anne-Marie Trevelyan, has not reiterated that plan.

It is likely to face resistance in the Treasury. The reason: in the course of eradicating anomalies, switching to pricing based on one-way legs and removing the “cliff-edge” border between peak and off-peak prices, many fares will fall.

But some tickets will cost more. People who find the cost of their weekly commute or weekend excursion has risen by 10 per cent will make far more noise than those whose journeys are 10 per cent cheaper.

Shrewd travellers who split tickets will not only save money – they will also help to accelerate the progress of the necessary root-and-branch reform.