First human case of Keystone virus found in Florida - it is likely not the only infection

Doctors had a 16-year-old in Florida was sick with the Zika virus before learning he has contracted the Keystone virus

The Keystone virus is known to cause brain swelling in mice and other animals. (Reuters)

The unnamed patient visited an urgent care clinic at North Central Florida in 2016, during the height of the international Zika virus outbreak. Doctors tested for Zika and could not identify what was causing the teenager to suffer a severe rash and fever until nearly a year and a half later.

The mosquito-transmitted infection was first discovered in the United States in 1964 and is known to cause encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain, in mice and other animals. The virus can also cause a mild fever and rash in those affected. Researchers at the University of Florida reported on the findings in the journal Clinical infectious Diseases, adding that other humans could possibly already be infected.

“Although the virus has never previously been found in humans, the infection may actually be fairly common in North Florida,” J Glenn Morris, director of the university's Emerging Pathogens Institute, said in a statement.

The University of Florida says the Keystone virus “has been found in animal populations along coastal regions stretching from Texas to the Chesapeake Bay,” and is carried by the Aedes atlanticus mosquito.

The patient infected with the Keystone virus did not display any signs of encephalitis, and researchers were perplexed by his symptoms, according to Mr Morris.

“It's one of these instances where if you don't know to look for something, you don't find it,” Mr Morris added.

The team of researchers developed a way to test for the infection in humans, which could lead to more cases being diagnosed throughout the southern US. Meanwhile, the level of vector borne illnesses (viruses transmitted from animals to humans) in the US has surged in recent years, doubling since the early 2000s according to a recent Center for Disease Control study.