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Inside one of the world’s most polluted city covered by toxic smog

The smog is caused by traffic and trash burning

Clarence Fernandez
Sakshi Dayal
Friday 03 January 2025 10:08 GMT
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A view shows the city amid air pollution in Hanoi, Vietnam, January 3
A view shows the city amid air pollution in Hanoi, Vietnam, January 3 (REUTERS)

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Vietnam’s capital Hanoi has been covered in thick smog over recent weeks, putting it at the top of a list of the world’s most polluted cities, as the government said it would push for more electric vehicles (EVs) to alleviate the problem.

Levels of hazardous small particles, known as PM2.5, were measured at 266 micrograms per cubic metre in Hanoi early on Friday, the highest reading among a list of most-polluted cities, according to AirVisual, which provides independent global air pollution information via a phone app. The ratings change daily.

PM2.5 particles are floating particulate matter in the air measuring 2.5 micrometers in diameter or less. It is so small it can be absorbed into the bloodstream upon inhalation

A guide to PM2.4

According to www.iqair.com

Where does it come from?

  • Combustion resulting from power plants
  • Smoke and soot from wildfires and waste burning
  • Vehicular emissions and combustion from motors
  • Industrial processes involving chemical reactions between gases (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds)

How does it affect our health?

Short term effects:

  • Irritation to the eyes, throat, and nose
  • Irregular heartbeats
  • Asthma attacks
  • Coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath

The Southeast Asian country, a regional manufacturing hub with one of the fastest-growing economies in Asia, has reported severe air pollution in its major cities for years, particularly in Hanoi.

The thick smog is mostly caused by heavy traffic, trash burning and industrial activities.

Hanoi map:

“We the elderly can feel it very clearly when we suffer from respiratory problems that lead to breathing difficulties,” Luu Minh Duc, a 64-year-old resident of the city, said. “The situation seems to get worse recently.”

Young people are also complaining.

“At first I thought it was foggy ... but later I found out that it is actually fine dusts that reduce my vision and make me feel like it is not healthy to breathe,” said the 21-year-old student Nguyen Ninh Huong.

A motorist wearing a face mask rides a scooter on Long Bien Bridge amid heavy air pollution conditions in Hanoi on January 3, 2025
A motorist wearing a face mask rides a scooter on Long Bien Bridge amid heavy air pollution conditions in Hanoi on January 3, 2025 (AFP via Getty Images)

Speaking at a meeting with the transport ministry on Thursday, Deputy Prime Minister Tran Hong Ha called for an accelerated transition to electric vehicles (EVs) as part of the efforts to reduce pollution, state media reported.

So far Hanoi has a target for at least 50% of buses and 100% of taxis to be EVs by 2030.

“This is the responsibility of the state to the people, and there must be specific and timely actions,” Ha was quoted as saying by the Tien Phong newspaper.

The ministries of natural resources, environment and health did not immediately respond to Reuters’ requests for a comment.

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