Bitcoin uses more energy than the whole of Switzerland – and it’s getting worse

Environmental impact of the cryptocurrency is getting worse, research suggests

Anthony Cuthbertson
Friday 05 July 2019 14:10 BST
Comments
What is cryptocurrency and the technology behind bitcoin and its rivals?

Your support helps us to tell the story

From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or producing our latest documentary, 'The A Word', which shines a light on the American women fighting for reproductive rights, we know how important it is to parse out the facts from the messaging.

At such a critical moment in US history, we need reporters on the ground. Your donation allows us to keep sending journalists to speak to both sides of the story.

The Independent is trusted by Americans across the entire political spectrum. And unlike many other quality news outlets, we choose not to lock Americans out of our reporting and analysis with paywalls. We believe quality journalism should be available to everyone, paid for by those who can afford it.

Your support makes all the difference.

The computing power required to support the Bitcoin cryptocurrency consumes as much energy as the entire country of Switzerland, according to a new study.

It uses around 0.25 per cent of global energy consumption, researchers from the University of Cambridge found after they developed an online tool to estimate the network's real-time consumption.

The Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index (CBECI) put the cryptocurrency's annual consumption at around 60.45 TWh at the time of publication.

This would make it the 41st most energy-demanding country when ranked against other nations.

The electricity demands of bitcoin come from the computing power required to mine the cryptocurrency – the process of generating new bitcoins by verifying transactions on the network by solving complex mathematical puzzles.

As the network grows, so does the computing power required to solve the ever-increasingly complex puzzles.

“The index has been developed in response to growing concerns over the sustainability and environmental impact of bitcoin mining,” the researchers wrote in a blog post. “The CBECI provides a neutral and objective platform for reliable information on bitcoin’s electricity consumption for use by policymakers, regulators, researchers, the media and others.”

Previous research into the bitcoin’s network energy consumption in 2018 had pegged its usage at a similar level to Ireland, suggesting it has risen significantly over the last year.

The study by economist Alex de Vries, published in May last year, predicted the energy demands of bitcoin would continue to rise proportionally to the cryptocurrency’s popularity.

“It’s an extreme difference compared to the regular financial system,” Mr de Vries said at the time. “This increasing electricity demand is definitely not going to help us reach our climate goals.”

Bitcoin mining operations are facing closures after the plummeting price of bitcoin means they may no longer be profitable
Bitcoin mining operations are facing closures after the plummeting price of bitcoin means they may no longer be profitable (Getty Images/iStockphoto)

Some solutions to the soaring energy demands, with some mining firms choosing to switch to renewable and non-polluting sources of energy.

One such operation in Norway takes its energy from nearby hydro-electric power plants.

However a large portion of the bitcoin network currently relies on coal-powered energy sources in China.

Join our commenting forum

Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies

Comments

Thank you for registering

Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in