Stay up to date with notifications from The Independent

Notifications can be managed in browser preferences.

South Africa: Key events in history

Thursday 18 November 1993 00:02 GMT
Comments

Your support helps us to tell the story

From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or producing our latest documentary, 'The A Word', which shines a light on the American women fighting for reproductive rights, we know how important it is to parse out the facts from the messaging.

At such a critical moment in US history, we need reporters on the ground. Your donation allows us to keep sending journalists to speak to both sides of the story.

The Independent is trusted by Americans across the entire political spectrum. And unlike many other quality news outlets, we choose not to lock Americans out of our reporting and analysis with paywalls. We believe quality journalism should be available to everyone, paid for by those who can afford it.

Your support makes all the difference.

1652: Dutch East India Company representative arrives in present-day Cape Town.

1771: Settlers expanding into eastern Cape begin series of wars with Xhosa tribe.

1795: British capture Cape Colony from Dutch.

1838: Dutch trekkers arrive in Natal province, defeating Zulu army. Proclaim a Boer republic in northern Natal.

1899-1902: Britain annexes Orange Free State and South African Republic, establishing hegemony over South Africa.

1913: Native Land Act, cornerstone of racial segregation, divides South Africa into black and white areas.

1948: National Party wins power and introduces apartheid laws.

1960: Police kill 69 people during anti-apartheid protests at Sharpeville. ANC and Pan Africanist Congress banned.

1961: Nelson Mandela proposes armed struggle. Following year he is jailed for life.

1976: Riots in Soweto bring calls for sanctions.

1977: Black leader Steve Biko dies in police custody. State clamps down on activists. UN imposes arms embargo.

1990: President F W de Klerk acknowledges apartheid has failed, frees political prisoners including Mr Mandela and legalises ANC and other banned groups.

1991: Multi-party talks begin on transition to majority rule.

Oct 1993: UN lifts all but arms sanctions. President De Klerk and Mr Mandela awarded Nobel Peace Prize.

Join our commenting forum

Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies

Comments

Thank you for registering

Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in