For free real time breaking news alerts sent straight to your inbox sign up to our breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails
For adolescent boys in this mountainous region of far northern Thailand , venturing deep into the dark and mysterious Tham Luang cave network is seen as a rite of passage.
Journeys venturing inside the cave were a regular part of training for the "Wild Boars" youth football team, building camaraderie among a group expected to go on to big things in the world's most lucrative sport.
Follow the latest updates from the rescue operation in our live blog
Nine members of the team have now been stuck inside the cave for 17 days, after four boys were rescued on Sunday. And as the world hangs on the fate of the boys and their coach still trapped on a 10-square-metre ledge more than a mile inside the cave network, classmates of some of those missing are already declaring them heroes.
Thailand cave rescue operation: in picturesShow all 100 1 /100Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The 12 boys and their coach in the cave
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A rescue team stands in the entrance to the cave
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A relative shows a picture of the boys after they were found on 2 July
AFP/Getty
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai military inside the cave complex
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The 12 boys and their soccer coach who were rescued from a flooded cave arrive for a news conference in the northern province of Chiang Rai, Thailand,
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The boys and their soccer coach rescued from a flooded cave play soccer
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The young footballers and their coach appeared healthy when they appeared before the media for the first time since the rescue
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Coach Ekapol Chantawong
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The 12 rescued members of the Wild Boar soccer team are greeted by their classmates on a mini soccer pitch
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Rescued Thai football coach Ekkapol Chantawong together with 12 children pays tribute to Thai navy diver, Samarn Kunan, who died whilst attempting to rescue the boys
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Twelve young footballers and their coach rescued from a Thai caves being treated in hospital
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Rescued soccer team members posing with a sketch of the Thai Navy SEAL diver who died while trying to rescue them
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Players writing messages on a drawing of former Navy SEAL diver Saman Kunan who died during attempts to rescue them
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Rescued "Wild Boars" football team members (top row L to R) Adul Sam-on, 14, Ekkarat Wongsukchan, 14, Phipat Photi, 15, Chanin Wiboonrungrueang, 11, (middle row L to R) Pornchai Khamluang, 16, Duangphet Promthep, 13, Peerapat Sompiengjai, 16, Sompong Jaiwong, 13, (bottom row L to R) Mongkol Boonpiem, 13, Prachak Sutham, 14, Nutthawut Thakamsong, 14, and Phanumas Saengdee, 13, recovering at the hospital in Chiang Rai province
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The life vest belonging to Duangpetch Promthep, the rescued captain of the "Wild Boars",
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Divers from the rescue mission, from left to right: Chris Jewell, Mike Clayton, Rick Stanton, Lance-corporal Connor Rae, Josh Bratchley, Gary Mitchell and Jim Way who helped to save 12 schoolboys and their football coach from a flooded cave in Thailand, speak to media after arriving back at London's Heathrow Airport
PA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Volunteers gather for a ceremony before the clean up operation at the Tham Luang cave
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The last four Thai Navy SEALs come out safely after completing the rescue mission inside a cave where 12 boys and their soccer coach have been trapped since June 23, in Mae Sai, Chiang Rai province, northern Thailand. Thailand's navy SEALs say all 12 boys and their soccer coach have been rescued from a flooded cave in far northern Thailand, ending an ordeal that lasted more than two weeks.
Royal Thai Navy/AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures People celebrate
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A woman lifts her child near the hospital, seen at left, as ambulance transporting members of the children's football team arrives
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Volunteers react after hearing all boys were rescued
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures
Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Rescue personnel work at the Tham Luang cave
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Rescue personnel work at the Tham Luang cave
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Onlookers at the junction in front of Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital watch and cheer
Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Journalists celebrate after a news conferenc
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures An ambulance, reportedly carrying members of the rescued football team, arrives at a hospital
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai Navy divers in the Tham Luang cave
Thai Navy SEAL via Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Rescue personnel work at the Tham Luang cave
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai media listen Chiang Rai province acting Gov. Narongsak Osatanakorn
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Police and military personnel use umbrellas to cover a stretcher near a helicopter and an ambulance at a military airport in Chiang Rai as rescue operations continue for those still trapped inside the cave in Khun Nam Nang Non Forest Park in the Mae Sai district. Four boys among the group of 13 trapped in a flooded Thai cave for more than a fortnight were rescued on July 8 after surviving a treacherous escape, raising hopes elite divers would also save the others soon
AFP/Getty
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai military medical personnel walking inside a restricted area as preparations are made to transport rescued boys from Tham Luang cave to a hospital
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai authorities placing a rescued boy in an ambulance
EPA/Chiang Rai
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Paramedics, believed to be carrying a boy who has been evacuated after being trapped inside a flooded cave, approach a helicopter in Chiang Rai
Chiang Rai Tourist Police via Reuters
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures This frame grab from video tweeted by Elon Musk shows a "tiny kid-sized submarine" being tested in a pool at Palisades Charter High School, in California. Musk's Space X rocket company tested the submarine that could potentially help rescue the remaining children and their coach trapped in a flooded cave in Thailand.
Elon Musk via AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai military personnel preparing to move the boys to a hospital
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Emergency workers carrying one of the boys rescued from the cave
EPA/Chiang Rai
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A Thai nurse walks past an ambulance at a covered area of the Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Indian schoolchildren hold placards and pictures during a prayer event for the safe rescue of young football players and their coach
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures An ambulance exits from the Tham Luang cave area
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A military helicopter carrying rescued schoolboys approaches to land at a military airport in Chiang Rai.
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A group of volunteers prepare to leave in search of alternative entry points to the Tham Luang cave area
AFP/Getty
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai soldiers drag a water pipe to bypass water from the mountain and to not get back inside the cave
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Hundreds of rescuers with equipment continue the rescue operation
Getty
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Monks lead out family members of the boys from the cave site after a morning prayer
Getty
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai rescue workers take a break
AFP/Getty
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Water pumps push water out of the cave
Getty
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Relatives, of the 12 schoolboys and their soccer coach trapped inside a flooded cave in the Tham Luang cave complex cook, for rescue workers and volunteers near the cave complex
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Rescue teams carry water pipes to the entrance of cave complex
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai soldiers and police officers are seen as rescue operations continue for the 12 boys and their football team coach trapped in Tham Luang cave at Khun Nam Nang Non Forest Park in the Mae Sai district of Chiang Rai province on July 7, 2018. More than 100 chimneys are being drilled into the mountainside in a frantic bid to reach a Thai youth football team trapped in a cave complex below, the head of the rescue mission said on July 7
AFP/Getty
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Family members pray in front of a Buddhist statue near a cave where 12 boys and their soccer coach have been trapped since June 23, in Mae Sai, Chiang Rai province, in northern Thailand Saturday, July 7, 2018. The soccer coach trapped in a cave with 12 Thai boys apologized to their parents in the first letter he and the team have sent out through divers, in which the boys say they're doing well and missing their families
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai military inside the cave complex
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Australian Federal Police and Defense Force personnel talk with a Thai diver
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A rescuer prepares a light for diving to reach the 12 boys and their soccer coach
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Soliders are seen near the Tham Luang cave complex, where 12 schoolboys and their soccer coach are trapped inside a flooded cave, in the northern province of Chiang Rai, Thailand
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Water is pumped from a flooded cave
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai rescuers rest during the ongoing rescue operation
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai military personnel inside a cave complex
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Rescue teams assemble at the entrance to the Tham Luang cave complex
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai Navy soldiers in the flooded Tham Luang cave during rescue operations
AFP/Getty
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Local Thai National Park Rescuers relax at base camp
Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Journalists work near Tham Luang cave complex
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A Thai policeman guards an area under rainfall
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A Thai policeman guards an area under rainfall near the Tham Luang cave
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Divers gather before they enter to the Tham Luang cave, where 12 boys and their soccer coach are trapped, in the northern province of Chiang Rai, Thailand
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai military bring water pumps to the cave. Videos released by the Thai Navy SEAL shows that the boys, aged 11 to 16, and their 25-year-old coach are in good health in Tham Luang Nang Non cave and the challenge now will be to extract the party safely.
Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures An honour guard holds up a picture of Samarn Kunan, 38, a former member of Thailand's elite navy SEAL unit who died working to save 12 boys and their soccer coach trapped inside a flooded cave, at an airport in Rayong province
Reuters
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Military personnel are seen in front of the Tham Luang cave
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The former navy SEAL diver, Saman Kunan, who died trying to help save the trapped boys
Saman Kunan/Facebook
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Rescue workers convene behind a large pile of oxygen tanks
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A Buddhist monk leads military honor guards carrying a flag-draped coffin containing former Thai Navy Seal Petty Officer 1st class Saman Kunan, who died in the ongoing Tham Luang cave rescue operations, during a repatriation ceremony at Mae Fah Luang international airport.
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai students pray for the ongoing rescue operations
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai soldiers and police officers pay their respects as a Thai Navy plane carrying the body of Saman Kunan takes off
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Rescue workers prepare frogsuits for soldiers
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The diver's death raises serious doubts over the safety of attempting to bring the 12 boys and their football coach out through the cramped, waterlogged passageways of the Tham Luang cave.
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Family members pray before a shrine in Tham Luang cave area
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A family member prays before a shrine in Tham Luang cave area
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai rescue teams use headlamps to enter a pitch-black cave complex where 12 boys and their soccer coach went missing, in Mae Sai, Chiang Rai province, northern Thailand, Monday, July 2, 2018. The group was discovered late July 2 after 10 days totally cut off from the outside world, and while they are for the most physically healthy, experts say the ordeal has likely taken a mental toll that could worsen the longer the situation lasts.
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The mother of a trapped child reacts during the ongoing rescue operations
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Family members pray before a shrine in Tham Luang cave area
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Grandmother Kham-aoey Promthep, 64, shows a photograph of her grandson, Duangpetch Promthep, who is one of 13 members
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A Thai student shows an image of her classmate Panumas Sangdee, who is one of 13 members of a soccer team trapped
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Buddhist monk Kruba Boonchum visits the site to perform religious rituals
Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Thai Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha visits the site
REUTERS
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures British cave-divers (from left to right) Richard William Stanton, Robert Charles Harper and John Volanthen join the rescue effort
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Divers prepare for the rescue mission
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures A rescuer enters the cave
AP
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures The father of one of the missing boys thanks soldiers after the boys are found
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Relatives celebrate after they hear that the boys have been found
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Relatives pray after they hear that the boys have been found
Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Relatives celebrate after they hear that the boys have been found
AFP/Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures General Bancha Duriyaphan announces the news to the press
Getty Images
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures With the rescue mission still ongoing, Thai soldiers carry equipment into the cave
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures With the rescue mission still ongoing, Thai soldiers carry equipment into the cave
EPA
Thailand cave rescue operation: in pictures Water is being pumped out of the flooded cave complex in an effort to make the rescue easier
Getty Images
“They will be stronger when they come out,” said Nanthawat Prangsangwilia, a gangly 16-year-old who goes by the nickname Gan.
“When they come home, those kids will be able to teach us something – about how to survive, about how to stay safe in the caves .”
Gan declared that, armed with the wisdom of the survivors, he would still be willing now to head into the caves that have threatened to claim the lives of his fellow students.
Around Mae Sai, people talk about Ekapol Chanthawong as a father figure. The former monk is an assistant coach of the elite team, and teaches the children mindfulness and meditation, on top of the regular skill set required for aspiring footballers.
Locals say that the ill-fated trip inside Tham Luang was one in a series of excursions, where the boys would push further and further inside the underground labyrinth, hardening them for the rigours of both the pitch and regular life.
On 22 June, the night before they went missing, he told the boys to pack lights, ropes and food, according to an elder of the local indigenous minority, the Akka, from which a number of the boys hail.
Letters from the boy’s parents suggest that they hold no hard feelings towards the assistant coach. Locals note that he has been hiding his face in shame when cameras have been flashed around the cavity where he stays with his boys.
Wichai Saechao, left, helps to load a vehicle with water to take to rescue personnel. He says he 'always wondered what it would be like to go into the cave' (Matt Blomberg) Gan, the classmate keen to follow the Wild Boars’ path into the cave, said that he had no doubt the coach would be the last to leave the cave, such was the nature of his relationship with the boys, who are aged between 11 and 16.
Not everyone is as keen as Gan, though. Another classmate, Wichai Saechao, a burly 17-year-old who had also come to join the team of volunteers supporting the rescue operation, said his outlook had been changedby the events of the past fortnight.
“I always wondered what it would be like to go into the cave - I always thought it would be exciting,” he said. “Now I don’t even want to think about it. I don’t want to meet the same fate as my classmates.”
Join our commenting forum
Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies