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The birth rate in Scotland fell to some of the lowest levels recorded in more than a 150 years during the last three months of 2018.
New figures from the National Records of Scotland (NRS ) revealed the birth rates from 1 October to 31 December last year.
According to the figures, there were 12,580 births recorded during the time period - the lowest figure for the fourth quarter since 1855.
The number of births was also the second-lowest figure recorded since records began.
Compared to the past five years, the number of recorded births in the last three months of 2018 is 5.9 per cent lower than the fourth quarter average.
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the worldShow all 29 1 /29WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Zambia, Linety, 18, bathes her one-month-old daughter Maria in Nsambilo, a concoction of protection made from tree roots. The concoction is believed to keep the baby healthy and protect her from evil spirits.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Zambia, Flora, 59, sits with her daughter, Linety, 18, and prepares to bathe her one-month-old grandaughter Maria in Nsambilo, a concoction of protection made from tree roots, believed to keep the baby healthy and protect her from evil spirits.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Zambia, two-week-old baby Mutinta wears a ‘kakonde’, a necklace to protect her from vomiting, diarrhoea and bad omens.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Zambia, Grandma Estheli, 62, covers two-week-old baby Mutinta while being held by her mother Chuuma, 18. Mutinta wears a ‘kakonde’ necklace to protect her from vomiting, diarrhoea and bad omens.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Nigeria, a twig tree is held in a calabash bowl, where it is dissolved in water as part of the Nana Fatsuma tradition. The pregnant mother will drink the solution to hasten delivery.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Malawi, grandmother Melise makes porridge for her daughter, Lucia, 26, who has just given birth to baby Bertha. New mothers are given a special porridge made from soya, maize flour and sugar. It is thought that this will give them the energy and the nutrients they need.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Malawi, Lucia, 26, mother to newborn baby Bertha, eats a special porridge made from soya, maize flour and sugar, which is given to mothers after childbirth. It's believed this will give mothers the energy and nutrients they need.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Malawi, Lucia, 26, mother to newborn baby Bertha, sits with her mother, Melise. Melise has made her a special porridge from soya, maize flour and sugar which is given to mums after childbirth. It is thought to give her energy and the nutrients.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Uganda, Nagit, 30, sits in the doorway of her home with her baby Bakita after a blessing ceremony. As part of the ceremony, the skin of an Etopojjo tree is soaked in water and small strings are tied around the baby’s wrist, ankles, neck and waist.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Uganda, Nagit, 30, and her husband Lomer, 32, sit with their five children after the blessing of their newborn. As part of blessing ceremony, the skin of an Etopojjo tree is soaked in water, forming small strings. These strings are then tied around the baby’s wrist, ankles, neck and waist.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Uganda, clan members dance and sing to welcome the birth of new baby Loumo.
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WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Uganda, Awas, 58, (far left) serves local beer to her six-week-old grandson Loumo, the baby's mother Sagal, 24, and clan elders. The clan members all drink from one gourd as a sign of peace and togetherness as they welcome the new baby.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In the USA, a priest baptises four-month-old Emmeline at the Roman Catholic Holy Family Church in New Jersey. Some Catholics believe pouring holy water over a baby’s head absolves them of sin.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In the USA, parents Robert, 38, and Marisa, 37, hold their four-month-old baby Emmeline. She was baptised in a Roman Catholic church. Some Catholics believe pouring holy water over a baby’s head absolves them of sin.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Scotland, five-week-old Emma is given a coin by her Nana, Sandra, a custom meant to bring good luck and prosperity.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Scotland, Ross, 35, and Amanda, 32, from Glasgow hold their five-week-old baby, Emma. Emma is given a coin by her Nana, Sandra, a custom meant to bring good luck and prosperity.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Japan, Natsumi, 29, feeds her four-week-old daughter Miwa during Okuizome, a first food ceremony.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Japan, Natsumi, 29, feeds her four-week-old daughter Miwa during Okuizome, a first food ceremony.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Japan, four-week-old baby Miwa has a first food ceremony. Natsumi, 29, feeds her daughter Miwa during the ceremony, which is called Okuizome.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Sweden, Sebastian, 31, cuts his newborn son Harry’s umbilical cord in an operating theatre at Östersund hospital. The convention helps fathers feel more involved in the birth.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Sweden, Sebastian, 31, and Maria, 34 hold their baby son Harry. Sebastian cut his newborn son Harry’s umbilical cord in an operating theatre at Östersund hospital. The convention helps fathers feel more involved in the birth.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In India, Rinku, 22, applies thick, black ‘kajal’ or kohl to her child Kritika’s eyes, to ward off evil spirits.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In India, two-year-old Kritika has a drink after her mother, Rinku, 22, has applied thick, black ‘kajal’ or kohl to her child's eyes and forehead to ward off evil spirits.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Madagascar, Nome, 21, wears a ‘masonjoany’ mask to protect herself from the sun and bad spirits. It is made by grinding a sandalwood tree branch and adding water to form a paste. She holds her newborn baby Jackie Marcel Stephan.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Madagascar, Nome, 21, wears a ‘masonjoany’ mask to protect herself from the sun and bad spirits. She sits with her sister, who applied the mask. It is made by grinding a sandalwood tree branch and adding water to form a paste. She holds her seven-day-old baby, Jackie Marcel Stephan.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Madagascar, Nome, 21, wears a ‘masonjoany’ mask to protect herself from the sun and bad spirits. It is made by grinding a sandalwood tree branch and adding water to form a paste. She holds her seven-day-old baby Jackie Marcel Stephan.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Ghana, Vida, 30, holds her one-month-old baby David in front of a tree from which bark is taken, boiled in water and then poured over her as part of ‘Kosoto’ to protect her from stomach problems in future pregnancies.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Ghana, Vida sits with her children (L-R) Patrick, aged 11, one-month-old David, Hannah, aged five and Desmond, aged three, outside their home. Vida took part in the Kosoto custom following David's birth where bark from a tree is taken, boiled in water and then poured over her to protect her from stomach problems in future pregnancies.
Water Aid
WaterAid photo series shows childbirth rituals from around the world In Ghana, Mary, 21 stands with her husband Sampson and two-year-old son Nathaniel. They performed the Nila tradition where a traditional herbalist makes a small cut on the baby’s cheek, thought to prevent the him from getting convulsions. Both parents also did the Nila tradition as infants.
Water Aid
While there is no single reason for the decline, possible reasons include postponement of childbearing until later in life, and economic uncertainty, considering the initial decline coincided with the financial crash, the report states.
Paul Lowe, the Registrar General for Scotland said: “Continuing the downward trend since 2008, the number of births for the fourth quarter of 2018 has been at its lowest number recorded since civil registration began. This is the second record-low number of quarterly births in a row, with quarter three also falling to its lowest level in 2018.
Support free-thinking journalism and attend Independent events “The number of deaths fell compared to the recent peak recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017, but was slightly higher than the average of the previous five years.”
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